diff --git a/src/runtime-three/player-input-bindings.ts b/src/runtime-three/player-input-bindings.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e2c5d283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runtime-three/player-input-bindings.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import type {
+  PlayerStartGamepadBinding,
+  PlayerStartInputBindings
+} from "../entities/entity-instances";
+
+const GAMEPAD_AXIS_DEADZONE = 0.18;
+
+export interface PlayerStartMovementActionState {
+  moveForward: number;
+  moveBackward: number;
+  moveLeft: number;
+  moveRight: number;
+}
+
+function clampUnitInterval(value: number): number {
+  return Math.max(0, Math.min(1, value));
+}
+
+function readGamepadButtonStrength(button: GamepadButton | undefined): number {
+  if (button === undefined) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return clampUnitInterval(button.pressed ? Math.max(button.value, 1) : button.value);
+}
+
+function readPositiveAxisStrength(value: number | undefined): number {
+  if (value === undefined || !Number.isFinite(value) || value <= 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (value <= GAMEPAD_AXIS_DEADZONE) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return clampUnitInterval(
+    (value - GAMEPAD_AXIS_DEADZONE) / (1 - GAMEPAD_AXIS_DEADZONE)
+  );
+}
+
+function readNegativeAxisStrength(value: number | undefined): number {
+  return readPositiveAxisStrength(
+    value === undefined || !Number.isFinite(value) ? value : -value
+  );
+}
+
+function readSingleGamepadBinding(
+  gamepad: Gamepad,
+  binding: PlayerStartGamepadBinding
+): number {
+  switch (binding) {
+    case "leftStickUp":
+      return readNegativeAxisStrength(gamepad.axes[1]);
+    case "leftStickDown":
+      return readPositiveAxisStrength(gamepad.axes[1]);
+    case "leftStickLeft":
+      return readNegativeAxisStrength(gamepad.axes[0]);
+    case "leftStickRight":
+      return readPositiveAxisStrength(gamepad.axes[0]);
+    case "dpadUp":
+      return readGamepadButtonStrength(gamepad.buttons[12]);
+    case "dpadDown":
+      return readGamepadButtonStrength(gamepad.buttons[13]);
+    case "dpadLeft":
+      return readGamepadButtonStrength(gamepad.buttons[14]);
+    case "dpadRight":
+      return readGamepadButtonStrength(gamepad.buttons[15]);
+  }
+}
+
+function readGamepadBindingStrength(
+  gamepads: ArrayLike<Gamepad | null> | null | undefined,
+  binding: PlayerStartGamepadBinding
+): number {
+  if (gamepads === undefined || gamepads === null) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  let strength = 0;
+
+  for (let index = 0; index < gamepads.length; index += 1) {
+    const gamepad = gamepads[index];
+
+    if (gamepad === null || gamepad === undefined || gamepad.connected === false) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    strength = Math.max(strength, readSingleGamepadBinding(gamepad, binding));
+  }
+
+  return strength;
+}
+
+export function getAvailableGamepads(): ArrayLike<Gamepad | null> | undefined {
+  if (
+    typeof navigator === "undefined" ||
+    typeof navigator.getGamepads !== "function"
+  ) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  return navigator.getGamepads();
+}
+
+export function resolvePlayerStartMovementActions(
+  pressedKeys: ReadonlySet<string>,
+  bindings: PlayerStartInputBindings,
+  gamepads: ArrayLike<Gamepad | null> | null | undefined = getAvailableGamepads()
+): PlayerStartMovementActionState {
+  return {
+    moveForward: Math.max(
+      pressedKeys.has(bindings.keyboard.moveForward) ? 1 : 0,
+      readGamepadBindingStrength(gamepads, bindings.gamepad.moveForward)
+    ),
+    moveBackward: Math.max(
+      pressedKeys.has(bindings.keyboard.moveBackward) ? 1 : 0,
+      readGamepadBindingStrength(gamepads, bindings.gamepad.moveBackward)
+    ),
+    moveLeft: Math.max(
+      pressedKeys.has(bindings.keyboard.moveLeft) ? 1 : 0,
+      readGamepadBindingStrength(gamepads, bindings.gamepad.moveLeft)
+    ),
+    moveRight: Math.max(
+      pressedKeys.has(bindings.keyboard.moveRight) ? 1 : 0,
+      readGamepadBindingStrength(gamepads, bindings.gamepad.moveRight)
+    )
+  };
+}
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