diff --git a/src/App.jsx b/src/App.jsx
index 3631fb1..db93809 100644
--- a/src/App.jsx
+++ b/src/App.jsx
@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ import LibraryManager from './LibraryManager'
 import WebsearchSettings from './WebsearchSettings'
 import { markdownToHTML  } from './markdown';
 import { applyColorScheme } from './colorSchemes'
+import {
+  loadStoredWebsearchEngines,
+  normalizeWebsearchEngines,
+} from './websearchEngines'
 // Extract <think> or <thinking> block (first occurrence) and return { think, answer }
 function splitThinkBlocks(text) {
   if (!text) return { think: null, answer: '' };
@@ -180,20 +184,19 @@ export default function App() {
   const [startupTaskMessage, setStartupTaskMessage] = useState('');
   const [startupTaskBusy, setStartupTaskBusy] = useState(false);
   const [searxUrl, setSearxUrl] = useState(() => migrateLegacySearxUrl(localStorage.getItem(WEBSEARCH_URL_KEY)));
-  const [searxEngines, setSearxEngines] = useState(() => {
-    try {
-      const raw = localStorage.getItem(WEBSEARCH_ENGINES_KEY);
-      if (raw) return JSON.parse(raw);
-    } catch {}
-    return ["duckduckgo","bing","wikipedia","github","stack_overflow"];
-  });
+  const [searxEngines, setSearxEngines] = useState(() =>
+    loadStoredWebsearchEngines(localStorage.getItem(WEBSEARCH_ENGINES_KEY))
+  );
   useEffect(() => {
     localStorage.setItem(WEBSEARCH_URL_KEY, searxUrl || '');
   }, [searxUrl]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     try {
-      localStorage.setItem(WEBSEARCH_ENGINES_KEY, JSON.stringify(searxEngines || []));
+      localStorage.setItem(
+        WEBSEARCH_ENGINES_KEY,
+        JSON.stringify(normalizeWebsearchEngines(searxEngines))
+      );
     } catch {}
   }, [searxEngines]);
   const [webSearchEnabled, setWebSearchEnabled] = useState(false);
@@ -2148,7 +2151,7 @@ async function createNewChat() {
                 searxUrl={searxUrl}
                 setSearxUrl={setSearxUrl}
                 engines={searxEngines}
-                setEngines={setSearxEngines}
+                setEngines={(next) => setSearxEngines(normalizeWebsearchEngines(next))}
               />
             )}
           </>
diff --git a/src/WebsearchSettings.jsx b/src/WebsearchSettings.jsx
index 1907e38..3918424 100644
--- a/src/WebsearchSettings.jsx
+++ b/src/WebsearchSettings.jsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // src/WebsearchSettings.jsx
-import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import React from 'react';
+import { WEBSEARCH_ENGINE_OPTIONS, normalizeWebsearchEngines } from './websearchEngines'
 
 export default function WebsearchSettings({
   searxUrl,
@@ -7,27 +8,11 @@ export default function WebsearchSettings({
   engines,
   setEngines,
 }) {
-  const KNOWN_ENGINES = useMemo(
-    () => ["google","bing","yahoo","duckduckgo","brave","github","stackoverflow","reddit","arxiv"],
-    []
-  );
-
-  const [custom, setCustom] = useState("");
-
   const toggleEngine = (name) => {
     const set = new Set(engines || []);
     if (set.has(name)) set.delete(name); else set.add(name);
-    setEngines(Array.from(set));
-  };
-
-  const addCustom = () => {
-    const name = custom.trim();
-    if (!name) return;
-    const set = new Set(engines || []);
-    set.add(name);
-    setEngines(Array.from(set));
-    setCustom("");
-  };
+    setEngines(normalizeWebsearchEngines(Array.from(set)));
+  }
 
 return (
   <div className="settings-content-panel">
@@ -45,14 +30,14 @@ return (
     <div className="setting-section">
       <h3>Search Engines</h3>
       <div className="engine-grid">
-        {KNOWN_ENGINES.map(name => (
-          <label key={name} className="engine-row">
+        {WEBSEARCH_ENGINE_OPTIONS.map(({ value, label }) => (
+          <label key={value} className="engine-row">
             <input
               type="checkbox"
-              checked={Array.isArray(engines) ? engines.includes(name) : false}
-              onChange={() => toggleEngine(name)}
+              checked={Array.isArray(engines) ? engines.includes(value) : false}
+              onChange={() => toggleEngine(value)}
             />
-            <span>{name}</span>
+            <span>{label}</span>
           </label>
         ))}
       </div>
diff --git a/src/websearchEngines.js b/src/websearchEngines.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4ec1b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/websearchEngines.js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+export const WEBSEARCH_ENGINE_OPTIONS = [
+  { value: 'google', label: 'Google' },
+  { value: 'bing', label: 'Bing' },
+  { value: 'yahoo', label: 'Yahoo' },
+  { value: 'duckduckgo', label: 'DuckDuckGo' },
+  { value: 'brave', label: 'Brave' },
+  { value: 'startpage', label: 'Startpage' },
+  { value: 'wikipedia', label: 'Wikipedia' },
+  { value: 'github', label: 'GitHub' },
+  { value: 'stack_overflow', label: 'Stack Overflow' },
+  { value: 'reddit', label: 'Reddit' },
+  { value: 'arxiv', label: 'arXiv' },
+]
+
+export const DEFAULT_WEBSEARCH_ENGINES = [
+  'google',
+  'bing',
+  'duckduckgo',
+  'brave',
+  'startpage',
+]
+
+const WEBSEARCH_ENGINE_ALIASES = {
+  stackoverflow: 'stack_overflow',
+}
+
+const ENGINE_ORDER = new Map(
+  WEBSEARCH_ENGINE_OPTIONS.map((option, index) => [option.value, index])
+)
+
+export function normalizeWebsearchEngineId(value) {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') return null
+
+  const trimmed = value.trim().toLowerCase()
+  if (!trimmed) return null
+
+  const canonical = WEBSEARCH_ENGINE_ALIASES[trimmed] ?? trimmed
+  return ENGINE_ORDER.has(canonical) ? canonical : null
+}
+
+export function normalizeWebsearchEngines(value) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return []
+
+  const seen = new Set()
+  const normalized = []
+
+  for (const entry of value) {
+    const canonical = normalizeWebsearchEngineId(entry)
+    if (!canonical || seen.has(canonical)) continue
+    seen.add(canonical)
+    normalized.push(canonical)
+  }
+
+  normalized.sort((left, right) => ENGINE_ORDER.get(left) - ENGINE_ORDER.get(right))
+  return normalized
+}
+
+export function loadStoredWebsearchEngines(rawValue) {
+  if (typeof rawValue !== 'string') return [...DEFAULT_WEBSEARCH_ENGINES]
+
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(rawValue)
+    return normalizeWebsearchEngines(parsed)
+  } catch {
+    return [...DEFAULT_WEBSEARCH_ENGINES]
+  }
+}